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Location choice and dispersal policies: Ukrainian war immigrants in the Czech Republic
Adunts, Davit ; Kurylo, Bohdana ; Špeciánová, J.
The large influx of Ukrainian immigrant refugees to the Czech Republic fleeing from the war has attracted the attention of many policymakers due to their unequal geographical distribution. The high concentration of refugees in some districts has the potential to burden the school and healthcare systems, as well as the housing market. This project aims to provide an explanation for the unequal distribution of refugees by studying the determinants of refugee location choices in the Czech Republic, including ethnic networks and employment prospects. We provided evidence of a positive association between the number of Ukrainian refugees and (i) the stock of previous Ukrainian immigrants (our measure of ethnic networks) and (ii) the number of available job positions. In addition, we conducted a review of previous studies on the effectiveness of dispersal policies and determined that such policies exert ambiguous effects on refugee labor market integration. Hence, dispersal policies need to consider the integration of refugees and their intentions to remain in the country.
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Determinants of orchid species diversity
Štípková, Zuzana ; Kindlmann, Pavel (advisor) ; Kull, Tiiu (referee) ; Whigham, Dennis (referee)
Natural environment has been significantly altered by human activity in past few decades. There is an evidence that we are now facing the sixth mass extinction and suitable areas for species are getting smaller. Therefore, many species of plants and animals are experiencing strong population decline and some of them even became extinct. We focused our attention on orchids because their distribution expresses one of the highest declines among all plant families. In this thesis, we investigated species richness and distribution patterns of orchids, the rate and causes of their decrease and extinction, and factors influencing their occurrence in the Czech Republic and Greece. In the majority of the presented papers, we used a dataset based on the database of the Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic that includes more than 115 000 of orchid records in the country. We also analysed the patterns in the six different phytogeographical regions in the Czech Republic that differ in altitude and the composition of local flora. The key findings are as follows: The specialized pollination strategy of orchids, as well as type of rooting systems, both in the Czech Republic and in Greece, play a role in the distribution patterns of orchids in the two countries (Papers I, II and VI). Moreover, the...
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Cardamine dentata, its distribution in Central Europe and relatinoship to C. pratensis
Holič, Filip ; Marhold, Karol (advisor) ; Chrtek, Jindřich (referee)
This thesis summarizes the documented information on the distribution of Cardamine dentata Schult. of the family Brassicaceae in the Czech Republic; it deals with the chromosome numbers and with ploidy levels of this species. Microsatellite markers were used to evaluate the potential relationships of C. dentata with other species of the group C. pratensis. Using a revision of available herbarium material it was found that the optimal conditions for the occurrence of C. dentata in the Czech Republic are in the phytogeographical regions of Thermophyticum and Mezophyticum at altitudes of 150-650 m a.s.l. No karyological data on this species were previously published from the area of the Czech Republic; using the flow cytometry and chromosomes counting it was revealed that in the area of the Czech Republic, populations with decaploid and undecaploid levels of ploidy occur. With help of microsatelite markers, it was confirmed that plants of C. dentata are genetically different from the other species of the C. pratensis group. Keywords: Cardamine, Cruciferae, microsatelite markers, chromosome numbers, geographical distribution, Czech Republic
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Climatic determinates of elevation ranges in tropical vertebrates
Vobořilová, Kateřina ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Šmíd, Jiří (referee)
Tropical regions are amongst the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. The significant species richness of these ecosystems is evident in the number of vertebrate species due to their distribution along altitudinal gradients. The distribution of vertebrates throughout altitudinal gradients is a natural phenomenon by which vertebrates respond to diverse abiotic conditions. Together with the geographic distribution of mountains, biotic influences, thermal physiology of individual vertebrate groups or climatic changes, these abiotic conditions create specific conditions for vertebrates. All of these factors may contribute to the spread of vertebrates to lower or higher altitudes. They may also influence altitudinal migration, depending on the adaptation of individual vertebrate species. In this thesis I focused on how individual abiotic determinants such as temperature, precipitation and air humidity, as well as climatic changes, can positively or negatively influence the distribution ranges of four vertebrate groups along elevational gradients of tropical mountains. Keywords: temperature, precipitation, cloudiness, tropics, elevation, geographical distribution, species richness
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Geographical distribution of Piciforms' abundaces in Smrčina area, Šumava National Park
Souček, Michal ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Riegert, Jan (referee)
The geographical distribution of Piciforms' is one of the factors indicating the state of the forest. These forest birds are bioindicators of climax forest communities. In Šumava National Park, some of the Piciforms' are flag species' and thanks to that, various historical data about them exist. The goal of my study was to evaluate data from 2006-2018 monitoring and add my own monitoring data from years 2019 and 2020. This data consists of location of individual birds living in the region called Smrčina, the southernmost point of the National Park. The goal of this thesis was to determine which factors influence the distribution. The method chosen for the monitoring was so called "point count method", used from the beginning of April till the end of June. For the statistical analysis, the R software was used. And for the visualization of geographical distribution, I used qGis. The result of my thesis is that from 10 Piciform species living in the Czech Republic, 8 live in the studied region. The abundance of Black Woodpecker and Great-Spotted Woodpecker from year 2006 and Three-Toed Woodpecker from year 2009 is stable. (Great- Spotted Woodpecker with 1,6, Black Woodpecker with 0,5 and Three-Toed Woodpecker with 0,8 pairs on one hectare.) The most rare species White-Backed Woodpecker was spotted...
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Cardamine dentata, its distribution in Central Europe and relatinoship to C. pratensis
Holič, Filip ; Marhold, Karol (advisor) ; Chrtek, Jindřich (referee)
This thesis summarizes the documented information on the distribution of Cardamine dentata Schult. of the family Brassicaceae in the Czech Republic; it deals with the chromosome numbers and with ploidy levels of this species. Microsatellite markers were used to evaluate the potential relationships of C. dentata with other species of the group C. pratensis. Using a revision of available herbarium material it was found that the optimal conditions for the occurrence of C. dentata in the Czech Republic are in the phytogeographical regions of Thermophyticum and Mezophyticum at altitudes of 150-650 m a.s.l. No karyological data on this species were previously published from the area of the Czech Republic; using the flow cytometry and chromosomes counting it was revealed that in the area of the Czech Republic, populations with decaploid and undecaploid levels of ploidy occur. With help of microsatelite markers, it was confirmed that plants of C. dentata are genetically different from the other species of the C. pratensis group. Keywords: Cardamine, Cruciferae, microsatelite markers, chromosome numbers, geographical distribution, Czech Republic
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Food security and staple crops
Čermáková, Lenka ; Milerová Prášková, Dagmar (advisor) ; Jančák, Vít (referee)
Nowadays, with growing population especially in developing countries, hunger and poverty are a huge problem. To reduce or eliminate hunger and poverty, the concept of food security was introduced. This concept describes an ideal situation to be reached. The first part of my work introduces this concept and introduces four basic pillars of food security. Food security is closely related crops, so the second part of my work focuses on selected staple crops that play a role in realizing the food security concept. These crops are rice, corn, potatoes and wheat. The concept will be fulfilled when all four pillars are met simultaneously. There are many obstacles in the way, from economic to climate ones. Changes need to be adapted whether through change in agriculture (more mechanization and electrification) or by improving the conditions of the farmers themselves. Improving the infrastructure will allow the consumer base to be broadened and thus revenue increased. The result is that everything depends on the crops themselves which have the potential to eliminate hunger. In the beginning, it is important to select a seed, to grow a crop that can provide income and that will not grow at the expense of farmers' livelihoods. Avoiding food degradation in poor storage or production can save many crops. With...
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Tapeworms of family Gryporhynchidae from Africa
HAASOVÁ, Ivana
Morphological-taxonomical study of gryporhynchid cestodes from Africa is presented. New material from Kenya, Senegal and Sudan was studied and we belong to 17 species in 8 orders - Amirthalingamia macracantha (Joyeux et Baer, 1935) Bray, 1974; Anomotaenia riccii (Fuhrmann et Baer, 1943) Baer et Bona, 1960; Cyclustera magna (Baer, 1959) Bona, 1975; Cyclustera sp.; Dendrouterina macrosphincter (Fuhrmann, 1909) Baer et Bona, 1960; Neogryporhynchus sp.; Paradilepis lloydi (Southwell, 1926) Spasski, 1954; Paradilepis maleki (Khalil, 1961); Paradilepis urceina Bona, 1975; Paradilepis urceus (Wedl, 1855) Joyeux et Baer, 1950; Parvitaenia macrocoleo Bona, 1975; Parvitaenia macropeos (Wedl, 1855) Baer et Bona, 1960; Parvitaenia megascolecina Bona, 1975; Parvitaenia purpurea Johri, 1959; Parvitaenia samfyia Mettrick, 1967; Valipora ardeolae (Singh, 1952) Baer et Bona, 1960 and Valipora mutabilis (Linton, 1927). Known larval stages and adults from Africa are presented in review of species.
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